Decline of the Agricultural Welfare State?:

An Assessment of Structural Reforms in Japan

and Korea's Agricultural Sectors 

Jennifer Oh

The nature of the state and whether it is able to create a national innovation system

have been the primary variables determining the direction of technology policy.

This article considers five major cases: Taiwan and Korea, India, China, and Tanzania.

Two of the cases, Taiwan and Korea, represent Newly Industrializing Economies,

while India and China represent emerging continental economies. All four have been,

to varying degrees, successful instances. Taiwan and Korea were able to link industrial

development with applied technology development, while China and India had mixed

successes and took much longer to realize technology policy goals. Tanzania illustrates

 the difficulties encountered by developing countries in creating a science and technology

 infrastructure. The article also presents theoretical implications of these cases, and

 assesses shortcomings in technology policy literature.